An electrode has several jobs: provide an electrical pathway, interact with the living system, permit transport through the cell and avoid blocking too much light. Changing its geometry can change several of these at once. A convincing comparison therefore needs more than a larger current.
What the published result supports
Moon and colleagues report a polypyrrole-coated, hierarchical, 3D-printed graphene electrode for a biophotovoltaic system. The existing MaxwellX source audit records a full-cell peak of 40 microwatts per square centimetre at 235 microamps per square centimetre. This is a reported peak from a current ramp, not demonstrated continuous output at that level.
The approximately 300-microamp-per-square-centimetre figure belongs to a half-cell measurement with 0.5-volt bias. External bias changes the energy boundary; that result cannot be presented as autonomous useful power.
The next comparison
Specify whether area means illuminated footprint, projected electrode area or another normalization. Hold lighting, organism loading, medium and electrode preparation as consistent as practical. Compare sustained load energy, variability, ageing and fabrication burden. Report absolute output as well as normalized output.
Primary source: Moon et al., EcoMat (2026). Existing audit inspected sections 2.5, 3.3 and 5.4, Table 1 and Figure 6E. Publisher full text could not be reopened in this update; quantitative claims are retained from that audit, not newly independently re-extracted. MaxwellX has not replicated this result.